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Research method · Gemology & Science

Sample Documentation Methodology

Published data are only as reliable as the protocol behind them. This methodology describes how samples will be documented and what is required before a value is published.

By
Paraiba Ethiopia Editorial Team
Reviewed by
Review pending
Updated

What is the documentation protocol?

Every sample receives an ID, provenance record, standardised photography, standard gemological testing and — where possible — independent chemical analysis before data are published.

  1. Step 1

    Register

    Assign an ET-#### ID and record provenance as reported.

  2. Step 2

    Photograph

    Standardised daylight-equivalent images and inclusion photomicrographs.

  3. Step 3

    Standard tests

    RI, birefringence, SG and pleochroism.

  4. Step 4

    Analyse

    UV-Vis-NIR and EDXRF / LA-ICP-MS at an independent laboratory.

  5. Step 5

    Publish

    Values, instrument, laboratory and uncertainty published together.

How are unverified data handled?

Placeholder and demonstration data are labelled on the page. Reported origin is never presented as determined origin.

Downloads

  • Methodology PDFPDF · not yet published

References

  1. Study of trace-element approaches to origin determination of Cu-bearing tourmaline. Peer-reviewed analytical or gemological journal.Citation to be verified

Author

Paraiba Ethiopia Editorial Team

The editorial team researches and writes Paraiba Ethiopia’s educational content on copper-bearing tourmaline, prioritising laboratory nomenclature and published gemological literature over trade claims.

Technical reviewer (assignment pending)

Independent gemological reviewer

Placeholder. A qualified gemologist will be named here once technical review of this page is complete. Until then, treat technical statements as editorially prepared but not yet independently reviewed.

First published 1 October 2026. Read our editorial policy

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